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DNB General Medicine Previous Year Questions

These are the DNB General Medicine theory questions asked by NBEMS in the December 2025 and June 2025 exams, listed paper by paper as they appeared. The Prep DNB app has all 24 DNB sessions from June 2014 to December 2025 — 861 questions in total — with repeat-question tracking, examiner keywords and MCQs.

Jump to: December 2025 · June 2025 · Important topics · Older papers

DNB General Medicine December 2025 Question Paper

Paper 1

  1. a) Define hypertriglyceridemia and classify it according to fasting serum triglyceride levels. [2] b) Describe the genetic and secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia, citing key molecular mechanisms. [3] c) Describe the role of coronary calcium scoring and CT angiography. [5]
  2. a) Explain the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart and its clinical relevance in heart failure. [5] b) Describe the determinants of cardiac output and their regulation. [5]
  3. a) Draw and label a detailed cross-section of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. [5] b) Describe the clinical features of major midbrain stroke syndromes. [5]
  4. a) Describe the physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy that predispose to infections. [5] b) Describe the general principles of antimicrobial use and contraindicated drugs during pregnancy. [5]
  5. a) Describe the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. [5] b) Describe the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes with suitable examples. [5]
  6. a) What is the composition and function of the fecal microbiota? [3] b) What is fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and what are the current indications and contraindications for FMT? [3] c) Describe the techniques used in FMT and future perspectives of fecal microbiota therapy. [4]
  7. a) What are incretins and their physiological roles? [2] b) What are their mechanisms of action? [2] c) Describe the types of incretin-based therapies. [2] d) What are the clinical benefits and what are the recent developments in incretin therapy? [4]
  8. a) Describe the sequence of cellular events in acute inflammation. [3] b) Describe the roles of cytokines and chemical mediators in inflammation. [3] c) How to manage cytokine storm? [4]
  9. a) Classify hypersensitivity reactions with examples. [5] b) Describe the immunopathogenesis of type III hypersensitivity and its clinical relevance. [5]
  10. a) Describe types of genetic mutations and their molecular consequences. [5] b) Explain the principles of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and its clinical applications. [5]

Paper 2

  1. a) Describe the differential diagnosis and approach to a patient with generalized lymphadenopathy. [4] b) Enumerate difference between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [3] c) WHO classification of Hodgkin's lymphoma. [3]
  2. a) Enumerate causes of azotemia. [5] b) Diagnostic approach to the patient with polyuria. [5]
  3. Describe the etiology of syncope and evaluation of syncope in adults. [5+5]
  4. a) Clinical features and evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. [5] b) Write a note on nerve conduction study (NCS). [5]
  5. a) Define antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and enumerate types of antiphospholipid antibodies. [2] b) Describe the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and management of antiphospholipid syndrome. [2+3+3]
  6. a) Describe structural and molecular basis of podocyte injury in primary nephrotic syndrome. [5] b) Describe the prognostic and therapeutic implications of podocytopathies in adults. [5]
  7. a) Describe etiopathogenesis and clinical features of leptospirosis. [5] b) Write about scoring system used in diagnosis of leptospirosis. [2] c) Write about management of leptospirosis. [3]
  8. a) Enumerate diseases included under spondyloarthritis. [2] b) Role of HLA-B27 in its pathogenesis. [2] c) Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis with current biologic agents. [6]
  9. a) Classify systemic vasculitis based on vessel size. [2] b) Outline the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. [3] c) Describe diagnostic evaluation and treatment principles of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's). [5]
  10. a) Describe the structure, mode of transmission, and pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus infection. [5] b) Enumerate hematologic, neurologic and hepatic complications of EBV infection. [5]

Paper 3

  1. a) Write about viral myocarditis. [5] b) Write a note on Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. [5]
  2. a) Describe pathophysiology and clinical features of acromegaly. [5] b) Outline diagnostic tests and management for acromegaly. [5]
  3. a) Outline oncological emergencies. [3] b) Mention key signs/symptoms and management principles of oncological emergencies. [3+4]
  4. a) Describe etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of Parkinsons disease. [5] b) Write about management of drug-induced parkinsonism. [2] c) Write red flag signs for Parkinson's disease. [3]
  5. a) Enumerate the ICHD-3 classification of headache disorders. [2] b) Outline a systematic diagnostic approach to a patient with new-onset headache. [3] c) Describe the red-flag features and initial investigations for secondary headache. [5]
  6. a) Describe the mechanisms of hyponatremia in heart failure and cirrhosis. [5] b) Explain the rationale and limitations of vasopressin antagonists (vaptans) in its treatment. [5]
  7. a) Define crystallopathy and classify crystal-induced arthritis. [5] b) Describe the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of gout as a prototype crystallopathy. [5]
  8. a) Explain the immunopathologic mechanisms of antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease. [5] b) Describe the principles and timing of plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy. [5]
  9. a) Pathogenesis in alcohol liver disease (ALD)'. [5] b) Describe the diagnostic approach to ALD. [3] c) Mention prognostic scoring systems used in ALD. [2]
  10. a) Approach to diagnose a connective tissue disorder. [5] b) Clinical features and management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [5]

Paper 4

  1. a) What is targeted Nano medicine? What are smart drugs and how do they work? [2] b) The types of Nano carriers used in medicine. What are the clinical applications of Nano medicine? [2+2] c) Discuss recent advances and ethical issues related to smart drug design. [2+2]
  2. a) Classification of newer insulins. [3] b) What are the limitations of conventional insulin therapy? [3] c) Describe clinical advantages and safety considerations, and emerging technologies in insulin delivery. [4]
  3. a) What is bioterrorism and what are the common biological agents used in bioterrorism? [3] b) What are the clinical features and diagnosis of major bioterrorism-related infections? [3] c) How is bioterrorism prevented and controlled? What are the public health preparedness and response measures? [2+2]
  4. a) Define mountain sickness. Write the types of mountain sickness. [1+2] b) What is the pathophysiology and clinical features of mountain sickness? [3] c) How is mountain sickness managed? [4]
  5. a) What are the major health hazards associated with smoking? [3] b) What are the effects of smoking on different organ systems? [3] c) What are the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures for nicotine de-addiction? [4]
  6. a) Describe clinical manifestations and management of hemophilia. [3+2] b) Write about recent advances in the management of hemophilia. [5]
  7. a) Describe the classification, pathophysiology, and clinical features of snake envenomation. [5] b) Outline the principles of management of snake bite, including the role of antivenom therapy. [5]
  8. a) Recent guidelines suggested by National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP). [5] b) Newer antituberculosis drugs with their side effects. [5]
  9. a) Outline the mechanism of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. [5] b) Enumerate its indications, efficacy, and complications in hematologic malignancies. [5]
  10. a) Enumerate the inclusion and exclusion criteria for IV alteplase (tPA) therapy in ischemic stroke. [5] b) Discuss the principles, timing, and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy. [5]

DNB General Medicine June 2025 Question Paper

Paper 1

  1. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. [5+5]
  2. Write about pathobiology of obesity. Discuss its management. [5+5]
  3. What are the different types of ventricular arrhythmias? Discuss their clinical features and management. [2+(3+5)]
  4. a) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. [5] b) Renovascular hypertension. [5]
  5. Discuss testosterone transport and metabolism. How do you approach a case of gynaecomastia? [5+5]
  6. a) Define obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)/hypopnea syndrome. [2] b) What are the risk factors for OSA? [2] c) How will you diagnose it and assess its severity? [3] d) Discuss its treatment. [3]
  7. a) What are myelodysplastic syndromes? [4] b) Write the classification of these syndromes. [3] c) Discuss complications following hematopoietic cell transplantation. [3]
  8. What are the causes of hypophosphatemia? Discuss clinical manifestations and treatment of severe hypophosphatemia. [3+(4+3)]
  9. Write classification of diabetes mellitus. How will you manage hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? [5+5]
  10. a) Physiology of swallowing. [5] b) How do you approach a case of dysphagia? [5]

Paper 2

  1. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis. [2+2+2+4]
  2. a) How will you approach a case of dyspnoea? [5] b) Discuss the etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management of lung abscess. [5]
  3. a) How will you differentiate between non-inflammatory and inflammatory arthritis? [3] b) ACR/EULAR classification criteria for diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. [3] c) Clinical features and management of scleroderma renal crisis. [2+2]
  4. a) What are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy? [3] b) Discuss the diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy. [2+5]
  5. a) What are hepatic porphyrias. [3] b) Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of acute intermittent porphyrias. [2+3+2]
  6. How do you approach a case of urethritis in men? Discuss its management in men. [5+5]
  7. a) Define orthostatic hypotension. [2] b) Enlist various causes of orthostatic hypotension. [3] c) Write about various clinical bedside tests for autonomic neuropathy. [5]
  8. a) Classify common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)'. [3] b) Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [2+2+3]
  9. a) Enumerate non-infectious causes of chronic meningitis. [5] b) What are the signs and symptoms of chronic meningitis? [5]
  10. Discuss the clinical features and management of migraine. [5+5]

Paper 3

  1. a) Write down the differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. [5] b) Enumerate extra intestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis. [2] c) How will you treat a case of ulcerative colitis? [3]
  2. a) Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. [5] b) What is BpaLM regime in the management of tuberculosis? [5]
  3. a) What are the cardiovascular abnormalities associated with chronic kidney disease? [5] b) Briefly describe hemodialysis. [5]
  4. a) What are various tests for exocrine pancreatic functions? [3] b) Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. [2+2+3]
  5. a) What are chronic granulomatous diseases? [5] b) Write about monoclonal antibodies which are approved for clinical use in autoimmune diseases. [5]
  6. a) What are various autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS)'? [5] b) Discuss their clinical features and diagnosis. [5]
  7. a) Enumerate different vasculitis syndromes. [5] b) Discuss about Behcet syndrome. [5]
  8. a) Discuss the physiology and organisation of human sleep. [4] b) Define narcolepsy and write its treatment. [6]
  9. a) Enumerate various psychostimulant drugs. [2] b) Discuss clinical features of its overdose. [3] c) Treatment of acute and chronic overdose. [5]
  10. a) What are post traumatic stress disorders? [3] b) How will you diagnose them? [4] c) Discuss their treatment. [3]

Paper 4

  1. a) How do you manage refractory ascites? [3] b) Discuss hepatorenal syndrome. [5] c) What are the indications of liver transplantation? [2]
  2. Define metabolomics and write its clinical applications. [5+5]
  3. a) Discuss the aetiopathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). [5] b) What are the recent advances in management of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases? [5]
  4. What is neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder? Discuss its diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and treatment. [2+(3+2+3)]
  5. What are paraneoplastic syndromes? Enlist antibodies associated with paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system. Write the treatment of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. [3+4+3]
  6. a) What is the P-SPIKES approach? [4] b) Enumerate the common symptoms of terminally ill patients. [3] c) Write about advance care planning in terminally ill patients for palliative management. [3]
  7. a) What are renal failure indices? [5] b) Write about peritoneal dialysis. [5]
  8. a) What is cardiac resynchronisation therapy? [5] b) Discuss the indication of ICD implantation in heart diseases. [5]
  9. a) Clinical features and diagnosis of thalassemia major. [2+3] b) Discuss about immune mediated adverse reactions of blood transfusion. [5]
  10. a) What are telomere spectrum disorders? [3] b) What are the methods to measure the length of telomeres? [2] c) Discuss the clinical features of dyskeratosis congenita. [5]

High-Yield DNB General Medicine Topics

A selection of 29 of the 69 important topics curated in the app from repeated DNB General Medicine questions.

Cardiovascular — highest yield

  • ACS/STEMI/NSTEMI: ECG, biomarkers, thrombolysis vs PCI, contraindications, complications
  • Heart failure: HFrEF vs HFpEF, NYHA, GDMT (ACEI/ARNI, beta-blockers, MRA, SGLT2i), CRT/ICD
  • Hypertension: classification, secondary causes, resistant HTN, hypertensive emergency (organ-specific Rx)

Diabetes and endocrinology

  • Diabetes mellitus: classification, oral agents, insulin regimens, SGLT2i/GLP-1RA, complications screening
  • DKA and HHS: pathophysiology, diagnosis, fluid-insulin protocol, monitoring
  • Thyroid: Graves, hypothyroidism, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma, subacute thyroiditis, amiodarone thyroiditis

Nephrology and electrolytes

  • AKI: pre-renal/renal/post-renal, KDIGO staging, management, dialysis indications
  • CKD: staging, complications (anaemia, bone disease, CVD), slowing progression in diabetic nephropathy
  • Glomerular disease: nephrotic vs nephritic, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, RPGN

Hepatology and GI

  • Cirrhosis: Child-Pugh, complications (ascites, variceal bleed, SBP, HRS, hepatic encephalopathy)
  • Viral hepatitis: HBV serology and treatment, HCV DAAs, HEV in pregnancy
  • NAFLD/NASH: diagnosis, fibrosis assessment, management

Respiratory

  • COPD: GOLD classification, LAMA/LABA/ICS, exacerbation management
  • Asthma: stepwise GINA management, acute severe asthma, brittle asthma
  • Community-acquired pneumonia: CURB-65/PSI, pathogens, empirical antibiotics

Infectious diseases

  • Tuberculosis: MDR/XDR definitions, GeneXpert, BPaL regimen, bedaquiline, NTEP strategy, TB-HIV
  • HIV/AIDS: ART (INSTI-based, second line), OIs (PCP, cryptococcal meningitis, CMV), PrEP/PEP
  • COVID-19: pathophysiology, management, mucormycosis, post-COVID syndrome, vaccines

Neurology

  • Stroke: thrombolysis/thrombectomy, ICH vs ischaemic, TIA (ABCD2), CVT in pregnancy
  • Epilepsy: classification, status epilepticus, newer AEDs
  • Headache: migraine (acute/prophylaxis), cluster, red flags

Rheumatology

  • Rheumatoid arthritis: ACR/EULAR criteria, DMARDs, biologics/JAKi, extra-articular features
  • SLE: SLICC criteria, auto-antibodies, lupus nephritis, CNS lupus, APS
  • Vasculitis: ANCA-associated (GPA, MPA), HSP, Behçet syndrome

Haematology

  • Anaemia workup: iron deficiency, B12/folate, hemolytic (Coombs, AIHA, PNH, sickle cell)
  • Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies
  • ITP, TTP/HUS, HIT: diagnosis and management

Poisoning and environmental

  • Organophosphorus, snake bite, paracetamol overdose, alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens)
  • Scorpion sting, paraquat, dhatura, carbon monoxide

Older DNB General Medicine Question Papers

The remaining 22 papers are available in the Prep DNB app, organized paper-wise with repeat-question tracking.

Get all 24 papers in the app

Previous Year Questions for Other DNB Subjects