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DNB Paediatrics Previous Year Questions

These are the DNB Paediatrics theory questions asked by NBEMS in the December 2025 and June 2025 exams, listed paper by paper as they appeared. The Prep DNB app has all 24 DNB sessions from June 2014 to December 2025 plus 6 DipNB papers — 1,030 questions in total — with repeat-question tracking, examiner keywords and MCQs.

Jump to: December 2025 · June 2025 · Important topics · Older papers

DNB Paediatrics December 2025 Question Paper

Paper 1

  1. Discuss the factors that determine intrauterine growth of a fetus. Describe the role of antenatal surveillance for detection and prevention of fetal growth restriction. [5+5]
  2. Describe the infancy-childhood-puberty model of growth. Discuss the hormonal regulation of growth axis from infancy to puberty. [4+6]
  3. Classify the common adolescent health problems addressed under Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakram. Discuss the service delivery under the adolescent friendly health clinics. [5+5]
  4. Discuss the risk factors for childhood injury. Describe the age-wise anticipatory injury prevention strategies. [5+5]
  5. Describe the stages of sleep in a child. Classify and enumerate sleep disorders in childhood. [5+5]
  6. Describe the development of thyroid gland. Classify the anatomical developmental defects in the thyroid gland. [6+4]
  7. Discuss the common types of biases in a research study. Describe the strategies to reduce the respective biases. [5+5]
  8. What is randomization in a clinical trial? Mention the types of randomization. Discuss the merits and demerits of randomization. [2+4+4]
  9. a) Alpha error in research study. [5] b) Student t test. [5]
  10. a) POSHAN ABHIYAN. [5] b) 'Swastha Nari Sashakta Parivar' abhiyan. [5]

Paper 2

  1. Describe and compare developmental surveillance and developmental screening. Describe any one Indian development screening test in detail. [5+5]
  2. What are the common eating disorders in childhood? Discuss the systemic complications and management of any one common disorder. [3+(4+3)]
  3. Enumerate different communication disorders in children. Outline an approach to the management of these disorders. [5+5]
  4. A two day old baby born at 32 weeks of gestation is brought with repeated episodes of apnea. Classify and enumerate the likely causes for this condition. Discuss the management of apnea of prematurity. [4+6]
  5. What is antimicrobial stewardship? Discuss the principles of prevention for anti-microbial resistance (AMR) in NICU. [3+7]
  6. Describe the process of coagulation. Discuss the role of vitamin K in the coagulation process and the management of vitamin K deficiency disorders. [5+5]
  7. Define hypertension in childhood. Enumerate the causes and management of childhood hypertension. [2+(3+5)]
  8. Define steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Outline the approach in diagnosis and management of SRNS. [2+(4+4)]
  9. Discuss the diagnosis and management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children. [5+5]
  10. Describe the mechanisms of cerebral edema. Classify the causes of cerebral edema in children. Outline a bedside monitoring plan for early detection and prevention of cerebral edema. [3+3+4]

Paper 3

  1. Enumerate the causes of hepatic encephalopathy in a child. Describe the stages of hepatic encephalopathy. Discuss the management of hepatic encephalopathy. [3+2+5]
  2. Discuss the role of blood group antigens beyond the neonatal period. Describe the types and management of blood transfusion reactions. [2+(4+4)]
  3. Describe the inheritance of beta thalassemia. Discuss the role of molecular diagnosis in prevention of beta thalassemia. [4+6]
  4. Discuss the acute and long term complications of pediatric burn injuries. [5+5]
  5. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and diagnostic approach in a child with bilateral optic neuritis. [3+3+4]
  6. a) Discuss the emergency room management of pulseless tachyarrhythmia in a child. [5] b) Discuss the prevention and management of high altitude mountain sickness. [5]
  7. Discuss the rationale of Pulse Polio Immunization. Discuss about the novel oral polio vaccine (nOPV). [5+5]
  8. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, management and complications in a child with atopic dermatitis. [3+2+3+2]
  9. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and diagnostic approach in a child with dilated cardiomyopathy. [3+3+4]
  10. Enumerate the changes that happen during transition from fetal to adult circulation. Discuss the diagnosis and management of cyanotic spell. [5+5]

Paper 4

  1. Discuss the indications of polysomnography in children. Describe the clinical features and management of obstructive sleep apnea in children. [4+(3+3)]
  2. Describe the immunopathogenesis of milk protein allergy. Outline an approach to a child with suspected milk protein allergy. [5+5]
  3. Describe the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis. [5+5]
  4. Define febrile neutropenia. Discuss the management of febrile neutropenia in a child during maintenance chemotherapy. [3+7]
  5. Describe the principle of flow cytometry. What is its applied relevance in diagnosis of pediatric leukemia? [5+5]
  6. Classify neural tube defects (NTD). Discuss the role of prenatal radiological and molecular biomarkers in suspected NTD. [2+(4+4)]
  7. Indications and role of pharmacotherapy in pediatric obesity. [4+6]
  8. Discuss the recent advances in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. [10]
  9. Pharmacological management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. [10]
  10. Define and enlist infections known as emerging zoonosis. What is the public health importance of these infections? [6+4]

DNB Paediatrics June 2025 Question Paper

Paper 1

  1. a) Enumerate various indicators related to fetal death. [4] b) Write briefly on Poshan Abhiyan (National Nutrition Mission). [3] c) Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and its importance in pediatrics. [3]
  2. a) Enumerate the technique and precautions while collecting blood samples for arterial blood gas analysis. [5] b) Causes of metabolic acidosis in a child. [5]
  3. a) Home Based Newborn Care program (HBNC)'. [4] b) Discuss the following in children between 0-18 years of age: Parameters to detect undernutrition. [3] c) Parameters to detect overnutrition. [3]
  4. a) Role of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) worker in neonatal and child health. [5] b) Home - based care for young child (HBYC). [5]
  5. a) Cluster randomized trial. [5] b) Components of patient Information sheet in study design. [5]
  6. a) Define brain death in neonate and in a child. [5] b) Physiological changes and principles of management of hyponatremia in a child. [5]
  7. a) Advantages and disadvantages of case-control study design. [5] b) Interpretation of linear correlation coefficient r. [5]
  8. a) Types of maltreatment of a child. [5] b) Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI). [5]
  9. a) Relative risk and Odds ratio. [4] b) Enumerate types of Study design. [2] c) Role of Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI). [4]
  10. a) Babinski sign and various techniques to elicit it. [5] b) Systemic response to blood loss in a child. [5]

Paper 2

  1. a) Role of antenatal steroids in prevention of preterm morbidity. [5] b) Ultrasound detection of prenatal anomalies. [5]
  2. a) Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in a child. [5] b) Manifestations of vitamin A deficiency in a child. [5]
  3. a) Management of Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome (FRNS) in a child. [5] b) Complex febrile seizures in a child. [5]
  4. a) Discuss enuresis in a child: Types of enuresis. [2] b) Management of nocturnal enuresis. [3] c) Investigations to differentiate proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis. [5]
  5. a) Laboratory findings and management of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) in a child. [5] b) Chelation therapy in a child with thalassemia major on transfusion therapy. [5]
  6. a) Modes of neonatal ventilation. [5] b) Red blood cell exchange transfusion in a newborn. [5]
  7. a) Prenatal diagnosis of Downs syndrome. [5] b) Neonatal morbidity associated with oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios in pregnancy. [5]
  8. a) Age independent anthropometric assessment in children. [5] b) Flow cytometry: Principles and application in diagnosis. [5]
  9. a) Vitamins and breast milk. [5] b) Varicella Zoster Immuno-Globulin (VZIG)'. [5]
  10. a) Epileptic encephalopathies in a child. [5] b) Herpes Simplex viral encephalitis in a child. [5]

Paper 3

  1. a) Approach to management of tachyarrythmias in a child. [5] b) Wolf Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome. [5]
  2. a) Diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease and its management in children. [5] b) Hyperaldosteronism in a child: Etiology. [3] c) Algorithmic approach to diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism using lab tests. [2]
  3. a) Screening tests for diagnosis of Cushings syndrome in children. [5] b) Management of neurocysticercosis in children. [5]
  4. a) Causes and management of chronic diarrhea in children. [5] b) Clinical features and management of autoimmune hepatitis in children. [5]
  5. a) Persistent pneumonia in children. [5] b) Temper tantrums. [5]
  6. a) Conduct disorders. [5] b) Define clinical exome sequencing (CES) and its uses. [5]
  7. a) Diagnosis and management of phenylketonuria. [5] b) Diagnostic criteria of tuberous sclerosis complex. [5]
  8. a) Cataract in a child: Clinical presentation & etiology. [3] b) Management. [2] c) Management options of atopic dermatitis in children. [5]
  9. a) Lund and Browder diagram for estimating burns in children. [5] b) Management of corrosive poisonings in children. [5]
  10. a) Components of high-quality chest compressions in basic life support. [5] b) Healthcare-associated infections. [5]

Paper 4

  1. a) Discuss mechanism of tubular reabsorption in kidneys with the help of a diagram. [5] b) Referral criteria for growth-related problems in children. [5]
  2. a) Changes in respiratory mechanics in a newborn after birth. [5] b) Clinical approach to microcytic anemia in a child. [5]
  3. a) Drugs used in pulmonary hypertension. [5] b) Nadas criteria for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. [5]
  4. a) Discuss human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and its role in transplantation. [5] b) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child. [5]
  5. a) Brighton diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barre syndrome. [5] b) Inhalation devices used in the management of chronic childhood asthma. [5]
  6. a) Prevention of medication errors in NICU. [5] b) Enumerate the changes in neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) India 2024 over NRP AHA 2020, and their implications. [5]
  7. a) Initial management of the septic shock in resource-poor countries as per recent surviving sepsis guidelines. [5] b) Rapid malaria antigen test. [5]
  8. a) Yellow fever vaccine in children. [5] b) Cardiac action potential in various part of heart. [5]
  9. a) Vaughan William classification for antiarrhythmic medications. [5] b) Pulmonary function tests. [5]
  10. a) Embryonic development of diaphragm & its abnormalities leading to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). [5] b) Pathophysiology of acute rheumatic fever. [5]

High-Yield DNB Paediatrics Topics

A selection of 24 of the 46 important topics curated in the app from repeated DNB Paediatrics questions.

Neonatology — highest yield

  • Neonatal resuscitation (NRP): algorithm, PPV, chest compressions, drug doses
  • Birth asphyxia/HIE: Sarnat staging, therapeutic hypothermia, prognostic factors
  • Respiratory distress syndrome: surfactant therapy, CPAP, HFOV, complications (BPD, PDA)

Growth, nutrition, and development

  • Growth charts: WHO vs IAP, failure to thrive, stunting/wasting assessment
  • Developmental milestones and red flags; developmental screening (Trivandrum/DDST)
  • Breastfeeding: BFHI, advantages, contraindications; KMC and human milk banking

Infectious diseases

  • Immunisation schedule: catch-up, contraindications, AEFI, cold chain, VVM
  • Neonatal and paediatric TB: NTEP regimens, contact tracing, BPaL in adolescents
  • Dengue in children: fluid management (WHO 2012), shock recognition

Paediatric nephrology

  • Nephrotic syndrome: minimal change, SRNS/FRNS, steroid-sparing agents, complications (SLE, thrombosis)
  • Acute glomerulonephritis and RPGN; HUS
  • AKI: KDIGO staging, causes, management; CKD staging in children

Paediatric neurology

  • Febrile seizures: simple vs complex, management, parent counselling
  • Epilepsy: classification, first seizure workup, status epilepticus, ketogenic diet
  • Cerebral palsy: GMFCS classification, spasticity management (Botox, SDR)

Cardiology and respiratory

  • Congenital heart disease: acyanotic vs cyanotic, duct-dependent lesions, cyanotic spell management
  • Rheumatic fever: Jones criteria (revised), prophylaxis; infective endocarditis prophylaxis
  • Asthma: stepwise GINA management in children, acute severe asthma, inhaler technique

Haematology and oncology

  • Anaemia workup; thalassemia major (transfusion, chelation); sickle cell disease (crisis management)
  • ITP in children; leukaemia presentation (ALL most common); Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma
  • Bleeding disorders: haemophilia, von Willebrand disease

Gastroenterology and others

  • Celiac disease; inflammatory bowel disease in children; Hirschsprung's disease, intussusception
  • Inborn errors of metabolism: screening (NBS), common presentations (hypoglycaemia, hyperammonemia)
  • Diabetes in children: T1DM (DKA protocol, insulin regimens), MODY

Older DNB Paediatrics Question Papers & DipNB Papers

The remaining 28 papers are available in the Prep DNB app, organized paper-wise with repeat-question tracking.

Get all 30 papers in the app

Previous Year Questions for Other DNB Subjects